Оценка и развитие малого предпринимательства и мировой практики

Over the past years some countries changed their economies regulatory environment to make it easier for small business to start-up and operate. In the world practice, small business impacts on the development of economy as well as structure and quality of GNP. If we observe the big countries’ economy and their revenues, we can see how small business plays important role in the economy. Because small business can adapt to the environment quickly, apply new technology as soon as possible and prepare small products both to world market and giant companies.

Assessment of small business effectiveness becomes urgent while investing this sphere. That is why a question is arisen that what kind of issues should be considered crucial to assess the effectiveness? It must be noted that there are different methods to do it. Traditional analysis methods such as comparison, optional and grouping so on are used for assessment. Sometimes, several methods are mixed for assessment. But while learning the world practice we can add several aspects that are considered important to the list. We shall look at them individually.

One of the advanced methods is discounting of money. The method allows the valuation of a likely stream of income in the future, in such a way that the annual incomes are discounted and then added together, thus providing a lump-sum «present value» of the entire income stream. So, we can group them in a few categories such as PV-present value, FV-future value. This calculations make us know whether the investment project be profitable or not. Because here future and present data are shown and says us the situation before realizing the project.

Capitalization of the profit is another issue for assessment. In this issue we make capital from the profit and some part of the profit turns to investment. It increases the profit and makes another opportunity for future perspectives.

It is obvious that evaluation of the investment projects is very important especially for small business. Small business has small investment packages and it does not require a lot of money to the field where we would like to direct it. Investment is evaluated both financially and economically. Of course it seems the same but there are not the same compeletely. Financial issue is for the investor but economical issue is for the state and society. If any small entreprise is open that means new job opportunities are available. However evalauting investment and seeking siutable climate is on the top of that issue.

Every year Doing business report is given and assessment indicators and factors for business are indicated. The states are listed according to it. In the report for 2012 shows that the suitable climate for business is changeable on the country.

Besides this, penetrating to the market economy requires management and some regualtions on the business. Interest in small business management and development is flourishing today. Many small business owners are seeking and identifying sources to assist in the successful management of their businesses. Small firms, because of their size and sales, must achieve success by managing the key variables that impact the effectiveness of their business.

Economy makes the great progress towards the frontier have been able to do so thanks to broad regulatory reform programs covering multiple areas of regulation and embedded in a long-term competitiveness strategy. For example, China implemented policy changes across 9 areas of business regulation in the years since 2005. Policy-makers in some economies today consider regulatory reform a continual process and create dedicated committees or agencies such as Actal in the Netherlands and the Better Regulation Executive in the United Kingdom. These steps also help business to go forward and makes sound competition. It must be noted that sound competition plays a key role in economy for business and investors as well.

The above mentioned problems relating it to reforms that make a siutable enviroment to business can be listed. We do not need to consider all the factors but we need the most important ones. So, we can see some of them in the following table:

More economies are taking this broad approach. In 2010-2011, 35 economies implemented reforms making it easier to do business in some areas measured by Doing Business.

The countries economical stability, its foreign relations with other countries especially with developed countries are very important. Because good economic relations strenghen economy of a country and makes avaiable to go to the world market. Discounted credits to shareholders, free-customs tariff stimulation and encouragement in social life and so on opens new ways. Especially, small business takes more than half of the economy and on the other hand they are elastic to the changes. They easily apply new technologies but they produce limited products and sometimes they produce for big companies.

Perspectives for the small business is also reflected in the programs, subsidies, grants and credits through the financial institution. Program for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs assists them to improve their business life. Sometimes it is observed by subsidies by the government. Nowadays there a lot of banks that give microcredits to small business with some discount and concession.

However the state must also support the small business shareholders and protect them from some negative impacts. Because their role not only important in microeconomics, but also essential in macroeconomics somehow.